1 ?????????? ??????
?????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? (0 ??, ???? ??, - 273.15 ℃) ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ? ? ?? naked ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??
???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?,????????????? ??0.8μm0m0μm ????, ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ? (0.4μμmm 0.8μM).
????? ?? ???? and ?? ? ?????????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??
λ = c / f, ???? c × 108 ???? ? λ ?? ??? ???
???????? ????: ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? 4x1014hz ~ 8x1014hz ????? ??????
2 ?????????? ?????? - ??????????? ??????
???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????
?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? "???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????" ???????
In the short-wave, medium-wave and long-wave spectral bands, the main atmospheric Windows are 0.7~2.5μm, 3~5μm and 8~14μm respectively;
?? Uncoolded ???? ??????? - ???? ?????????? ?????????? ~ ~ 1μμm ???
? ???????? ????? ???? ????:
① ?????????? ?????: ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ??????
② ???????? ???????????? ???: ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??
③ ???????????? ?????????????: ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????
④ ???????? ??????????: ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????
⑤ ????????: ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??
?
????? - ?????????? (NIRE) ??????? (0.8μM ~ 1μM) ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?, ? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????;
?????? ?????? ?????,NIR ?????? ??? ???????????? ?, ??????? ???? Nir Senkers ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???;
????????????:
????, CMOS ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? - ???????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????;
????? - ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????, ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????;
Strage ???? ???? ??????? (?????)
???? ???? ??????? (?????) ?????? ???????? ???? ? ? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????;
???? ???, ????, ? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????;
????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?;
???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?????? 50000 ???? 000000 ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? 50000 ~ 000000 ?? ????? ?;
????????????:
?????, ??? ? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????;
????????, ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????;
?????? ????????????????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????????;
????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????
?
???:
???? ??????????? ? ????????: ?? ????, ????? ??????????? (????) <20MK, ? ???????? ??????? ???;
??? ?????????? ??????: MWIR ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????? (E.g. - - - - - - ???????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?
??????? ????? ?????? ?????????: LWIR ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ? "????? ??? ? ?????" ?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?????: ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????
????? ??????????? ???: ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ????????, 100Hz ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????
???????:
???? ????????? ? ????????: ????? ???????????, ???? ??????, ???? ??????, ???? ????? ????, ????? ?????????? - 10 ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????
???? ???? ? ????? ???: ????????? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ?????? ?????, ? ???????? - ??????? ??? - ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????
?????????? ??????????: ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????
???? ??????: ???????? ?? ??????? (???????? ???? 10,000 ????? ?????) ?? ???? ???????? ???? 10,000 ?????) ? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?, ????????? ????????
????????????:
????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????, ????????? ? ???? ??? ??????;
?????? ???????, ????????????? ??? ? ?????????? (?????????)?
?
???:
????? ?? ???????? ???, ?? ????: ????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????, ????? ???, ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????
????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????: ???????? ?????? (- - - 40 ° c + - - ° c), ???? ???, ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??
?? ????? ??? ? ???? ????: ???? ??? 1w ?? ?? (e.g. ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? (E.G. 10,00,000 ????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ?????
??? - ???? ??????: ??? ? ??? ????????? ???????? ???, ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? (?WIR ????? ?????), ????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ???????? ?????
???????:
?? ???????????: ?????????? ~ ~ 50 ~ 50mk, ???? <<20mk), ????? ???????? ?? - ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ? (?????? ????? ???????)?
???? ??????????? ???: ????? ?? ?????????? ≤600hz ?????, ????????? ???? ??????? ???, ???? - ???? ??? ?????? ???????? (????? ?????? ??????????)?
??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????: ??? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? (????? ????, ????? ??????????), ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????
???? ?????? ??????????? ????????: ??????????? ???? (???? ?????????, ?? - - whichrage ????? ???? ? - ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ????? - ???? - ???? ??
????????????:
????????: ????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??, ???????? ?????? ???? - ???????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ??????
?????: ????? - ???????? ???? ????? ?????, ?? - ???? ??????? ??????