1. ??????? ????
??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??. ???????? ??????? ??? (0 k, - 273.15) ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???, ????? ??? ???????.
??????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??,???? ???? 0.8μm ??? 50 ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? (0.4μm ??? 0.4μm ?????).

??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????

λ = c / f, c ??? ?????? ???? 3.0 × 108 m / s ?? b ??? ???? ???????.
????????? ???: ????? ?????? ???????? 4X1014hz ~ 8x1014hz ??? ??.


2. ??????? ???? - ????????? ??????
???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????.
? ???, ??? ???????????? ??? ???? "??????? ???? ????????? ??????" ??? ????????.
???? - ????, ????? - ??????? ?? ???? - ???? ???????? ???, ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? 0.7 ~ 2.5μm, 3 μM ?? 8 μ20μm ??;
???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? - ???? ??????? ??????? 8 ~ 14μm ??.



3. ??????? ??? ?????? ???????:
. ??????? ???: ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??.
. ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????: ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? als ? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? als ? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??.
. ???????????? ?????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?? als ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??.
. ????? ??????: ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? als ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??.
. ????????: ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??.

4. ??????? ???? (NIR) ???
??????? - ??????? (NIR) ?????? (0.8μm ~ 1μm), ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? NIR ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????;
????? ????? ????,Nir ????? ? ???????? ??, ??????? NIR ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??;
?????????:
????????? CMOS ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????
??? - ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????;


4. ???? ???? ??????? (????????)
???? ???? ??????? (???????) ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????.
?? ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??;
?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??;
????????? ???? 500 ??? 3000 ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? 500 ~ 3000 ??? ??;
?????????:
????????? ??????? ???, ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????;
????????, ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????;
??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????;
????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????.


5. ??? ????? ??????? (MWir)
????:
??? ????????? ?? ???????: ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ????????? (NETD) <20MK, ?? ??????? ??????? ???????;
???????? ????????? ??????? ???: mwir ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? (???: 3 - 5 μm)
-
?????? ???? ?????: ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????.
?????? ???????? ????: ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? 100hz ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????.

?????:
??? ????????? ?? ??????: ?????? ???????: ?????? ??????, ??????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????????, ??? ??????????? 5 ?? ??.
????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????: ?????? ?????????? ????? Results ?, ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? - ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? - ???? (??????????? ???????? ????????), ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?.
???????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????.
??????? ?????? ?????: ??????????? ??? 10,000 ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ??? 10,000 ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??) ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??.

?????????:
?????? ?????, ???? ??????????, ???????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????;
?????? ??????????, ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? (IRST).


6. ???? ???? ??????? (LWIR)
????:
????????? ????? ????, ??? ???????: ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????? ??????, ???? ???????, ???????? ??, ????? ???? ?????.
??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????: ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (- 40 ° C ~ + 85 ° C), ??? - ?????? ????, ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? - ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?.
??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????: ??????? ???????? 1w ?? ?? ??? (?.??. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????), ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? 100,000 ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????.
?????? - ?????? ???????: ???? ?? ????????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? (????? ??? ??? ?????? ???), ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? (????? ?????? ?????????), ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????.

?????:
??? ?????????: ??????????? 30 ~ 50MK, ?????? ?????? ??? (<20mk), ?????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? - ??????? ????? (???? ????? ??????).
???????? ???????? ????: ???? ??????? ??????????? ≤60hz ??? ??????? - ??? - ?????? ???? ????? (?????????? ????????? ????).
?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???: ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?? (???, ?????? ????????? ????), ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????.
????? ????? ????? ???? ???: ????????? ??????? (?? ?????, CO? ?????? ???) ???? ??? (> 1 ?? (> ????????), ????????? ?????? ????? ????? - ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??.

?????????:
??????: ????????? ??? ????????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ???, ??????? quersions ??????? ??????, ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.
???????: ?????? - ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? - ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.